Tsumugi fabric 瓬 is made with floss silk yarn, spun from the short fibers of empty or deformed silkworm cocoons, otherwise unusable for the production of silk yarn.
Spinning yarn from these short fibers is a long, labor intensive process, and the reason why tsumugi is one of the most expensive fabrics on the market.
Nonetheless deemed to be an informal fabric, Tsumugi is typically used to make Komon kimonos, although sometimes it may be found in more formal garments, such as Iromuji and Houmongi kimonos.
Tsumugi is readily recognizable by the uneven thickness of the thread, and the presence of knobs. Initially the fabric feels stiff, due to the starch applied in the spinning process, but it progressively gets softer with use over time.
There are many regional varieties of tsumugi, due to its being among the fabrics women traditionally produced at home, and used to make informal, daily wear attire for their household.
The cocoons are gathered and degummed in a solution of hot water, baking soda and sulfuric acid. Once rinsed, and dried in direct sunlight, they are dipped in a water bath with crushed sesame seeds.
Once rinsed, and dried in direct sunlight, they are dipped in a water bath with crushed sesame seeds.
The sesame seeds oil makes it easier to draw individual strands for spinning.
The weaver then spins the silk by hand, joining the ends of each strand with saliva, which gives the fabric its typical sheen and stiffness.
Once spun, tsumugi silk yarn is dyed with the Kasuri technique, and then woven.
Lo Tsumugi 瓬 ĆØ un tessuto realizzato dagli “scarti” di lavorazione della seta: le fibre corte rimanenti dai bozzoli o i bozzoli aperti, dopo che ne ĆØ uscita la farfalla.
Le sue fibre corte richiedono una lunga e laboriosa lavorazione, ragione per cui il tsumugi è uno dei tessuti più costosi.
Tuttavia, è ritenuto un tessuto informale ed è impiegato per realizzare per lo più kimono Komon anche se, a volte, lo ritroviamo in kimono più formali come Iromuji e Houmongi.
Il tsumugi si riconosce molto facilmente per lo spessore irregolare del filo, con presenza di protuberanze. Inizialmente il tessuto ĆØ rigido, per la presenza dell’amido applicato durante la filatura, ma con l’uso diventa man mano più morbido.
La sua tessitura rientra tra quelle per la produzione di capi di uso domestico, per questo motivo esistono molte varietĆ regionali.
I fili vengono raccolti e degommati in acqua calda con bicarbonato di sodio e acido solforico.
Quindi sono sciacquati e lasciati asciugare al sole diretto; una volta asciutti, sono immersi in un bagno di acqua e semi di sesamo macinati.
L’olio di semi di sesamo agevola la tessitura e la separazione dei singoli fili.
Il filatore lavora manualmente ogni filo e li unisce usando la saliva, che infonde la tipica brillantezza e rigiditĆ al tessuto.
Il tsumugi ĆØ tinto dopo la filatura con la tecnica Kasuri, e poi intessuto.
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